English
The 44 Phonemes in English
Consonants
| Phoneme | IPA Symbol | Old Graphemes | New Graphemes | Examples | Voiced? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | b | b, bb | b | bug, bubble | Yes |
| 2 | d | d, dd, ed | d | dad, add, milled | Yes |
| 3 | f | f, ff, ph, gh, lf, ft | f | fat, cliff, phone, enough, half, often | No |
| 4 | g | g, gg, gh,gu,gue | g | gun, egg, ghost, guest, prologue | Yes |
| 5 | h | h, wh | h | hop, who | No |
| 6 | dÊ’ | j, ge, g, dge, di, gg | j | jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate | Yes |
| 7 | k | k, c, ch, cc, lk, qu ,q(u), ck, x | k | kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box | No |
| 8 | l | l, ll | l | live, well | Yes |
| 9 | m | m, mm, mb, mn, lm | m | man, summer, comb, column, palm | Yes |
| 10 | n | n, nn,kn, gn, pn, mn | n | net, funny, know, gnat, pneumonic, mnemonic | Yes |
| 11 | p | p, pp | p | pin, dippy | No |
| 12 | r | r, rr, wr, rh | r | run, carrot, wrench, rhyme | Yes |
| 13 | s | s, ss, c, sc, ps, st, ce, se | s | sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course | No |
| 14 | t | t, tt, th, ed | t | tip, matter, thomas, ripped | No |
| 15 | v | v, f, ph, ve | v | vine, of, stephen, five | Yes |
| 16 | w | w, wh, u, o | w | wit, why, quick, choir | Yes |
| 17 | z | z, zz, s, ss, x, ze, se | z | zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze | Yes |
| 18 | Ê’ | s, si, z | sz | treasure, division, azure | Yes |
| 19 | tʃ | ch, tch, tu, te | ch | chip, watch, future, righteous | No |
| 20 | ʃ | sh, ce, s, ci, si, ch, sci, ti | sh | sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience, station | No |
| 21 | θ | th | th | thongs | No |
| 22 | ð | th | th | leather | Yes |
| 23 | Å‹ | ng, n, ngue | ng | ring, pink, tongue | Yes |
| 24 | j | y, i, j | y | you, onion, hallelujah | Yes |
Vowels
| Phoneme | IPA Symbol | Old Graphemes | New Graphemes | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | æ | a, ai, au | a | cat, plaid, laugh |
| 26 | eɪ | a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, a_e, ea, ey | aa | bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge, mate, break, they |
| 27 | É› | e, ea, u, ie, ai, a, eo, ei, ae | e | end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer, aesthetic |
| 28 | i: | e, ee, ea, y, ey, oe, ie, i, ei, eo, ay | ee | be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix, grief, ski, deceive, people, quay |
| 29 | ɪ | i, e, o, u, ui, y, ie | i | it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve |
| 30 | aɪ | i, y, igh, ie, uy, ye, ai, is, eigh, i_e | ii | spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite |
| 31 | É’ | a, ho, au, aw, ough | o | swan, honest, maul, slaw, fought |
| 32 | oÊŠ | o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ough, eau, oo, ew | oo | open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew |
| 33 | ÊŠ | o, oo, u,ou | q | wolf, look, bush, would |
| 34 | ʌ | u, o, oo, ou | u | lug, monkey, blood, double |
| 35a | u, ew | uu | pew, dew, use, excuse | |
| 35b | u: | o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, oew, ou | x | who, loon, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit, manoeuvre, group |
| 36 | ɔɪ | oi, oy, uoy | oi | join, boy, buoy |
| 37 | aÊŠ | ow, ou, ough | ow | now, shout, bough |
| 38 | É™ | a, er, i, ar, our, ur | u, ar | about, ladder, dollar, honour, augur |
| 39 | eəʳ | air, are, ear, ere, eir, ayer | air | chair, dare, pear, where, their, prayer |
| 40 | É‘: | a | ar | arm |
| 41 | ɜ:ʳ | ir, er, ur, ear, or, our, yr | er | bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle |
| 42 | É”: | aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, ar, ough, au | or | paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war, bought, sauce |
| 43 | ɪəʳ | ear, eer, ere, ier | ear | ear, steer, here, tier |
| 44 | ʊəʳ | ure, our | ure | cure, tourist |
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