English

Author: Pencil Case Date: 10 March 2023

The 44 Phonemes in English

Phoneme	IPA Symbol	Old Graphemes	New Graphemes	Examples	Voiced?
1	b	b, bb	b	bug, bubble	Yes
2	d	d, dd, ed	d	dad, add, milled	Yes
3	f	f, ff, ph, gh, lf, ft	f	fat, cliff, phone, enough, half, often	No
4	g	g, gg, gh,gu,gue	g	gun, egg, ghost, guest, prologue	Yes
5	h	h, wh	h	hop, who	No
6	dʒ	j, ge, g, dge, di, gg	j	jam, wage, giraffe, edge, soldier, exaggerate	Yes
7	k	k, c, ch, cc, lk, qu ,q(u), ck, x	k	kit, cat, chris, accent, folk, bouquet, queen, rack, box	No
8	l	l, ll	l	live, well	Yes
9	m	m, mm, mb, mn, lm	m	man, summer, comb, column, palm	Yes
10	n	n, nn,kn, gn, pn, mn	n	net, funny, know, gnat, pneumonic, mnemonic	Yes
11	p	p, pp	p	pin, dippy	No
12	r	r, rr, wr, rh	r	run, carrot, wrench, rhyme	Yes
13	s	s, ss, c, sc, ps, st, ce, se	s	sit, less, circle, scene, psycho, listen, pace, course	No
14	t	t, tt, th, ed	t	tip, matter, thomas, ripped	No
15	v	v, f, ph, ve	v	vine, of, stephen, five	Yes
16	w	w, wh, u, o	w	wit, why, quick, choir	Yes
17	z	z, zz, s, ss, x, ze, se	z	zed, buzz, his, scissors, xylophone, craze	Yes
18	ʒ	s, si, z	sz	treasure, division, azure	Yes
19	tʃ	ch, tch, tu, te	ch	chip, watch, future, righteous	No
20	ʃ	sh, ce, s, ci, si, ch, sci, ti	sh	sham, ocean, sure, special, pension, machine, conscience, station	No
21	θ	th	th	thongs	No
22	ð	th	th	leather	Yes
23	ŋ	ng, n, ngue	ng	ring, pink, tongue	Yes
24	j	y, i, j	y	you, onion, hallelujah	Yes

Phoneme	IPA Symbol	Old Graphemes	New Graphemes	Examples
25	æ	a, ai, au	a	cat, plaid, laugh
26	eɪ	a, ai, eigh, aigh, ay, er, et, ei, au, a_e, ea, ey	aa	bay, maid, weigh, straight, pay, foyer, filet, eight, gauge, mate, break, they
27	ɛ	e, ea, u, ie, ai, a, eo, ei, ae	e	end, bread, bury, friend, said, many, leopard, heifer, aesthetic
28	i:	e, ee, ea, y, ey, oe, ie, i, ei, eo, ay	ee	be, bee, meat, lady, key, phoenix, grief, ski, deceive, people, quay
29	ɪ	i, e, o, u, ui, y, ie	i	it, england, women, busy, guild, gym, sieve
30	aɪ	i, y, igh, ie, uy, ye, ai, is, eigh, i_e	ii	spider, sky, night, pie, guy, stye, aisle, island, height, kite
31	ɒ	a, ho, au, aw, ough	o	swan, honest, maul, slaw, fought
32	oʊ	o, oa, o_e, oe, ow, ough, eau, oo, ew	oo	open, moat, bone, toe, sow, dough, beau, brooch, sew
33	ʊ	o, oo, u,ou	q	wolf, look, bush, would
34	ʌ	u, o, oo, ou	u	lug, monkey, blood, double
35a		u, ew	uu	pew, dew, use, excuse
35b	u:	o, oo, ew, ue, u_e, oe, ough, ui, oew, ou	x	who, loon, blue, flute, shoe, through, fruit, manoeuvre, group
36	ɔɪ	oi, oy, uoy	oi	join, boy, buoy
37	aʊ	ow, ou, ough	ow	now, shout, bough
38	ə	a, er, i, ar, our, ur	u, ar	about, ladder, dollar, honour, augur
39	eəʳ	air, are, ear, ere, eir, ayer	air	chair, dare, pear, where, their, prayer
40	ɑ:	a	ar	arm
41	ɜ:ʳ	ir, er, ur, ear, or, our, yr	er	bird, term, burn, pearl, word, journey, myrtle
42	ɔ:	aw, a, or, oor, ore, oar, our, augh, ar, ough, au	or	paw, ball, fork, poor, fore, board, four, taught, war, bought, sauce
43	ɪəʳ	ear, eer, ere, ier	ear	ear, steer, here, tier
44	ʊəʳ	ure, our	ure	cure, tourist